There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on. Royal coat of arms (common version on the left Scottish version on the right) For those before 1707, see List of English monarchs and List of Scottish monarchs. For legendary ones, see List of legendary kings of Britain. For ancient British monarchs, see King of the Britons. Upon Henry I's death, the throne was seized by Matilda's cousin, Stephen of Blois."British monarchs" redirects here. Matilda was declared heir presumptive by her father, Henry I, after the death of her brother on the White Ship, and acknowledged as such by the barons. The period which followed is known as The Anarchy, as parties supporting each side fought in open warfare both in Britain and on the continent for the better part of two decades. When Henry died, Stephen invaded England, and in a coup d'etat had himself crowned instead of Matilda. Before naming Matilda as heir, he had been in negotiations to name his nephew Stephen of Blois as his heir.
Henry named his eldest daughter, Matilda (Countess of Anjou by her second marriage to Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, as well as widow of her first husband, Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor), as his heir. This ended the direct Norman line of kings in England. Henry I left no legitimate male heirs, his son William Adelin having died in the White Ship disaster. Seizure of the Crown (from Robert Curthose) Granted the Kingdom of England over elder brother Robert Curthose Supposedly named heir in 1052 by Edward the Confessorįirst cousin once removed of Edward the Confessor William was crowned King William I of England on Christmas Day 1066, in Westminster Abbey, and is today known as William the Conqueror, William the Bastard or William I.
The young monarch was unable to resist the invaders and was never crowned. Following the death of Harold Godwinson at Hastings, the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot elected as king Edgar the Ætheling, the son of Edward the Exile and grandson of Edmund Ironside. Godwinson successfully repelled the invasion by Hardrada, but ultimately lost the throne of England in the Norman conquest of England.Īfter the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, William the Conqueror made permanent the recent removal of the capital from Winchester to London. Harald and William both invaded separately in 1066. Among them were Harold Godwinson, recognised as king by the Witenagemot after the death of Edward the Confessor, as well as Harald Hardrada, King of Norway who claimed to be the rightful heir of Harthacnut, and Duke William II of Normandy, vassal to the King of France, and first cousin once-removed of Edward the Confessor. In 1066, several rival claimants to the English throne emerged. House of Wessex (restored, second time) Īfter Harthacnut, there was a brief Saxon Restoration between 10. Upon Edmund's death just over a month later on 30 November, Cnut ruled the whole kingdom as its sole king for nineteen years. His son succeeded him after being chosen king by the citizens of London and a part of the Witan, despite ongoing Danish efforts to wrest the crown from the West Saxons.įollowing the decisive Battle of Assandun on 18 October 1016, King Edmund signed a treaty with Cnut (Canute) under which all of England except for Wessex would be controlled by Cnut. House of Wessex (restored, first time) įollowing the death of Sweyn Forkbeard, Æthelred the Unready returned from exile and was again proclaimed king on 3 February 1014. NameĮngland came under the control of Sweyn Forkbeard, a Danish king, after an invasion in 1013, during which Æthelred abandoned the throne and went into exile in Normandy. One interpretation of the ambiguous evidence is that when Edward died, Ælfweard was declared king in Wessex and Æthelstan in Mercia. Also, it is unclear whether-if Ælfweard was declared king-it was over the whole kingdom or of Wessex only. However, that he ruled is not accepted by all historians. A 12th-century list of kings gives him a reign length of four weeks, though one manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says he died only 16 days after his father. There is some evidence that Ælfweard of Wessex may have been king in 924, between his father Edward the Elder and his brother Æthelstan, although he was not crowned.
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